Of India and Telugu/TelangaNa

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COURTESY: INDIA TO DAY What is Telangana

| Updated: January 05, 2010 07:39 IST

In 1948, India put an end to the rule of the Nizams and a Hyderabad state was formed. In 1956, the Telangana part of Hyderabad was merged with then Andhra state (carved out of Madras Presidency in October, 1953). The remaining parts of the Nizam's empire merged with Karnataka and Maharashtra. Andhra Pradesh became the first linguistically carved state in the country after Gandhian revolutionary Potti Sreeramulu, on a hunger strike over the issue, died on December 16, 1952. Early history[edit] After the decline of the Mauryan Empire, the Satavahana dynasty (230 BCE to 220 CE) became the dominant power in the area. It originated from the lands between the Godavari and Krishna Rivers. Kotilingala in Karimnagar was their first capital, before moving to Dharanikota.[8] Excavations at Kotilingala revealed coinage of Srimukha, the first Satavahana emperor. After the decline of the Satavahanas, various dynasties ruled the area such as the Vakatakas, Vishnukundinas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas and Western Chalukya The Satavahana dynasty had its roots in Kotilingala on the banks of the Godavari River, in present day Karimnagar district (Painting of Lord Rama on a temple at Bhadrachalam in Khammam District needs to be verified to where and how this painting relates to the history) Kakatiyas[edit] The area experienced its golden age during the reign of the Kakatiya dynasty that ruled most parts of what is now Andhra Pradesh from 1083 to 1323 AD. Ganapatideva, who came to power in 1199, was known as the greatest of the Kakatiyas, and the first after the Satavahanas to bring the entire Telugu area under one rule. He put an end to the rule of the Telugu Cholas, who accepted his suzerainty in the year 1210. He established order in his vast dominion that stretched from the Godavari delta in the east to Raichur (in modern day Karnataka) in the west and from Karimnagar and Bastar (in modern day Chhattisgarh) in the north to Srisailam and Tripurantakam, near Ongole, in the south. It was during his reign that the Golkonda fort was constructed. Rudrama Devi and Prataparudra were prominent rulers from the Kakatiya dynasty. Kakatiya dynasty weakened with the attack of Malik Kafur in 1309 and was dissolved with the defeat of Prataparudra in 1323 by the forces of Muhammad bin Tughlaq in 1323. Qutbshahis and Nizams[edit] The area came under the Muslim rule of the Delhi Sultanate in the 14th century, followed by Bahmanis. Sultan Quli, a governor of Golkonda, revolted against the Bahmani Sultanate and established the Qutb Shahi dynasty in 1518. On 21 September 1687, the Golkonda Sultanate came under the rule of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb after a year-long siege of the Golkonda fort.[9] In 1712, Asif Jah I was appointed to be Viceroy of the Deccan, with the title Nizam-ul-Mulk (Administrator of the Realm). In 1724, Asif Jah I defeated Mubariz Khan to establish autonomy over the Deccan Suba, starting what came to be known as the Asif Jahi dynasty. He named the area Hyderabad Deccan. Subsequent rulers retained the title Nizam ul-Mulk and were referred to as Asif Jahi Nizams, or Nizams of Hyderabad. When Asif Jah I died in 1748, there was political unrest due to contention for the throne among his sons, who were aided by opportunistic neighboring states and colonial foreign forces. In 1769, Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the Nizams. Nizam signed Subsidiary alliance in 1799 with British and lost its control over the state's defense and foreign affairs. Hyderabad state became princely state in British India. Telangana was the seat of numerous dynasties. Chowmahalla Palace was home to the Nizams of Hyderabad State. Post-independence[edit] When India became independent from the British Empire in 1947, the Nizam of Hyderabad did not want to merge with Indian Union and wanted to remain independent under the special provisions given to princely states. The Government of India annexed Hyderabad State on 17 September 1948 in Operation Polo. When India became independent, Telugu speaking people were distributed in about 22 districts, 9 of them in the former Nizam's dominions of the princely state of Hyderabad, 12 in the Madras Presidency, and one in French-controlled Yanam. The Central Government appointed a civil servant, M. K. Vellodi, as First Chief Minister of Hyderabad State on 26 January 1950. He administered the state with the help of bureaucrats from Madras State and Bombay State. In 1952, Dr. Burgula Ramakrishna Rao was elected Chief minister of Hyderabad State in the first democratic election. During this time there were violent agitations by some Telanganites to send back bureaucrats from Madras state, and to strictly implement rule by natives of Hyderabad.[10] Meanwhile, Telugu-speaking areas in the Northern Circars and Rayalaseema regions were carved out of the erstwhile Madras state on the fast unto death by Potti Sri Ramulu to create Andhra State in 1953, with Kurnool as its capital.[11][12][13] BUT SHRI POTTI SREERAMULU WISHED VERY STRONGLY THAT MADRAS WAS BUILT DEVELOPED AND MOSTLY INHABITED BY ANDHRAS AND MANY A INDUSTRIES WERE DEVELOPED AND PORT WAS RICHLY DEVELOPED BY MANY LABOUR AND PEOPLE OF ANDHRAS AND HENCE IT COULD BE WELL REMEMBERED HE STRUGGLED AND DIED FOR INCLUSIVE CHENNAI ANDHRA BUT NOT HYDERABAD

Creation of Andhra State[edit] Madras Province in 1859. Created by the British, Madras was mainly composed of Telugus (North) and Tamils (South). In an effort to protect the interests of the Telugu people of Madras state, Potti Sriramulu attempted to force the Madras state government to listen to public demands for the separation of Telugu speaking districts (Rayalaseema and Coastal Andhra) from Madras state to form the Andhra state. He went on a lengthy fast, and only stopped when Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru promised to form Andhra state. However, there was no movement on the issue for a long time. He started fasting again for attaining statehood for Andhra in Maharshi Bulusu Sambamurti's house in Madras on 19 October 1952. It started off without fanfare but steadily caught people's attention despite the disavowal of the fast by the Andhra Congress committee. The government of the day however did not make a clear statement about the formation of a new state despite several strikes and demonstrations by Telugu people. On the midnight of 15 December (i.e. early 16 December 1952), Potti Sreeramulu died and laid down his life trying to achieve his objective.[1] In his death procession, people shouted slogans praising his sacrifice. When the procession reached Mount Road, thousands of people joined and raised slogans hailing Sriramulu. Later, they went into a frenzy and resorted to destruction of public property. The news spread like wildfire and created an uproar among the people in far off places like Chirala, Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada, Rajahmundry, Eluru, Guntur, Tenali, Ongole and Nellore. Seven people were killed in police firing in Anakapalle and Vijayawada. The popular agitation continued for three to four days disrupting normal life in Madras and Andhra regions. On 19 December 1952, the Prime Minister of the country Jawaharlal Nehru made an announcement about formation of a separate state for Telugu speaking people Madras state. House No. 126, Royapethah High Road, Mylapore, Madras is the address of the house where Potti Sriramulu died and it has been preserved as a monument of importance by the state government of Andhra Pradesh. On the basis of an agitation, on October 1, 1953, 11 districts in the Telugu-speaking portion of Madras State voted to become the new state of Andhra State with Kurnool as the capital. Andhra Kesari Tanguturi Prakasam Pantulu became first Chief Minister of thus formed Telugu State. Thus, Andhra State was a state created in India on October 1, 1953 from the Telugu-speaking northern districts of Madras Presidency. It comprised Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema Regions. Formation of this first linguistic State (Andhra State) paved way to creation of more linguistic states in India and provided an opportunity for these states to develop independently linguistically and economically, each of them having a state to support.[2][3] Districts of Andhra state[edit] Coastal Andhra Region Nellore District Srikakulam District Visakhapatnam District East Godavari District West Godavari District Krishna District Guntur District Rayalaseema Region Chittoor District Kadapa District Aantapur District Kurnool District then we were living in chennai old mambalam and my father was working dakishin hindi prachar sabha and our uncle satyaagrahi(maama) pataakam maama were also residing there. there used to be heated arguments about owning of chenna patnam which majority people believed as an important city of andhras. but it was decided against our wish to include in andhra state. till polic act ANDHRA WAS ONLY OF DISTRICTS MENTIONED ABOVE AND THE PRINCELY STATE OF HYDERABAD CONSTITUTED THE DISTRICTS OF PRESENT TELENGANA AND THE STATE EXTENDED UP TO NANDED.,NOW IN MAHARASTRA. THERE IS A CLEAR DEMARCATION OF ANDHRA AND TELANGANA IN KHAMMAM DISTRICT RUNNING THROUGH TOWN OF SATTUPALLI THIRUVURU, VUTUKURU, GOSAVEEDU ETC.

Thursday, 1 August 2013 at 09:49 UTC+05:30

 I dare below to append what is being given in the text of Wikipedia,
 Rock-cut Lord --Buddha-- Statue at Bojjanakonda near Anakapalle, Visakhapatnam The first historical records appear in the Buddhist text Anguttara Nikaya, when what is now the Nizamabad and Adilabad districts of the Telangana region constituted parts of the Assaka Mahajanapada (700–300 BCE)[11] An Andhra tribe was mentioned in the Sanskrit epics such as Aitareya Brahmana (800 BCE) and Mahabharata (400 BCE).[12] The Natya Shastra written by Bharatha (1st century BCE) also mentions about the Andhra people.[13] The roots of the Telugu language have been seen on inscriptions found near the Guntur district[14] and from others dating to the rule of Renati Cholas in the 5th century CE.[15] Megasthenes, a Greek traveler and geographer who visited the Court of Chandragupta Maurya (322–297 BCE), mentioned that the region had three fortified towns and an army of 100,000 infantry, 200 cavalry, and 1,000 elephants. Buddhist books reveal that Andhras established their huts or tents near the Godavari River at that time.[16] Inscriptional evidence shows that there was an early kingdom in coastal Andhra (Guntur District) ruled first by Kuberaka and then by his son Varun, with Pratipalapura (Bhattiprolu) as the capital. Around the same time, Dhanyakatakam/Dharanikota (present day Amaravati) appears to have been an important place, which was visited by Gautama Buddha. According to the ancient Tibetan scholar Taranatha: "On the full moon of the month Chaitra in the year following his enlightenment, at the great stupa of Dhanyakataka, the Buddha emanated the mandala of 'The Glorious Lunar Mansions' (Kalachakra)".[17][18] The Mauryans extended their rule over Andhra in the 4th century BCE. With the fall of the Maurya Empire in the 3rd century BCE, the Satavahanas became independent. After the decline of the Satavahanas in 220 CE, the Ikshvaku dynasty, Pallavas, Ananda Gotrikas, Rashtrakutas, Vishnukundinas, Eastern Chalukyas, and Cholas ruled the land.[19] Scholars have suggested that the Prajñāpāramitā Sutras, the earliest Mahayana Sutras,[20][21] developed among the Mahāsāṃghika along the Krishna River in Andhra country.[22] A.K. Warder holds that "the Mahāyāna originated in the south of India and almost certainly in the Andhra country."[23] Sree Padma and Anthony Barber note that "historians of Buddhist thought have been aware for quite some time that such pivotally important Mahayana Buddhist thinkers as Nāgārjuna, Dignaga, Candrakīrti, Aryadeva, and Bhavaviveka, among many others, formulated their theories while living in Buddhist communities in Andhra."[24] They note that the ancient Buddhist sites in the lower Krishna Valley, including Amaravati, Nagarjunakonda and Jaggayyapeta "can be traced to at least the third century BC[E], if not earlier."[24] The Dzogchen, Mahamudra and Lamdré masters Sri Singha, Savari, Maitripa and Virupa lived and taught in the Andhra region for some portion of their lives or were in some cases permanent residents.[25] During this period,[clarification needed] Telugu emerged as a popular language, supplanting Prakrit and Sanskrit.[26] Telugu was made the official language by the Vishnukundina kings (5th and 6th centuries), who ruled from their capital city of Vengi. Eastern Chalukyas ruled for a long period after the decline of Vishnukundinas; their capital was also Vengi. As early as the 1st century CE, Chalukyas were mentioned as being vassals and chieftains under the Satavahanas and later under the Ikshvakus. The Chalukya ruler Rajaraja Narendra ruled Rajahmundry around 1022 CE.[27] The battle of Palnadu (1182) resulted in the weakening of the Eastern Chalukya dynasty and led to the emergence of the Kakatiya dynasty in the 12th and 13th centuries CE. The Kakatiyas were at first vassals of the Rashtrakutas, and ruled over a small territory near Warangal. Eventually all the Telugu lands were united by the Kakatiyas. In 1323 CE, Delhi Sultan Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq sent a large army under Ulugh Khan to conquer the Telugu country and captured Warangal. King Prataparudra was taken prisoner. Musunuri Nayaks recaptured Warangal from the Delhi Sultanate in 1326 CE and ruled for fifty years

 India therefore can be defined as a land where humanity has lived since ages; where different religions, societies, cultures, languages have inter played with each other in harmony; a land which has seen the best and the worst of everything; a land where religion means more than their name; a place where nature has bestowed itself in all its colors to end it all a land which shall remain itself till eternity.